![]() Use the following scale to choose the most appropriate number for each situation: This refers to your usual way of life in recent times.Įven if you haven't done some of these things recently, try to work out how they would have affected you. How likely are you to doze off or fall asleep in the following situations, in contrast to feeling just tired? Your age (years): _ Your sex (male = M, female = F): _ Patient prepared for routine diagnostic sleep study. Sleep studies should be considered when symptoms or signs suggest that a patient is likely to have sleep-disordered Although sleep disorders are commonly associated with conditions such as obesity and psychiatric disorders, it is not cost effective to do sleep studies on all of these patients. Symptoms of sleep disorders are common and non-specific. New terminology is also appearing (see box). 4 Since then, there has been rapid growth in the number of sleep centres and sleep studies performed. Such recording was finally named polysomnography in 1974. This was started at Stanford University in 1970. Sleep measurement uses respiratory and cardiac sensors, together with continuous electroencephalogram (EEG), electro-oculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) recordings during sleep (Fig. Sleep may be monitored using patient-completed sleep diaries with or without concurrent monitoring of body movement (actigraphy). to allow reinstatement of driving licence. A MSLT may also be used to assess the outcome of treatment in special circumstances where documentation of abolition of sleepiness is required e.g. This is of value in the diagnosis of narcolepsy where the typical features are of pathologic sleepiness (short mean sleep latency) and sleep onset REM periods. The multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) 3 involves measuring how long it takes an individual to fall asleep lying down with eyes closed in a quiet darkened room on 4 or 5 separate occasions over a whole day. It is difficult to measure sleepiness objectively. Questionnaires are useful, but are subjective. The degree of sleepiness associated with sleep disorders can be variable, or may be dismissed by the patient as part of growing older. Sleepiness can be rated using questionnaires such as the Epworth Sleepiness Scale 2 (Table 1). The situations associated with drowsiness and falling asleep or dozing help to determine the severity of the problem.įatigue includes lethargy, mood disturbance, malaise and lack of motivation and does not require a sleep study as a first-line investigation. 1Īlthough these terms are often used interchangeably, they are not the same. A survey of middle-aged adults found that sleep-disordered breathing affects 9% of women and 24% of males when defined by abnormal sleep study criteria alone and that 2% of women and 4% of men met the diagnostic criteria for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (abnormal sleep study and daytime hypersomnolence). Excessive daytime sleepiness is a common complaint in the community, and is most frequently due to sleep deprivation, but it is not normal. ![]() Insomnia affects up to one third of the population at any given time. The spectrum of disorders is broad and may involve the primary mechanisms of sleep and arousal or may be secondary to other medical or psychiatric illnesses. Sleep disorders medicine deals with the diagnosis and treatment of patients who complain of disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness or other sleep-related problems. ![]()
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